All field notesResources

Good Soil Health Begins and Ends With Organic Matter

You can judge soil health by hand. Healthy soil is dark, crumbles between your fingers, smells earthy, and shows worms, insect activity and fine white feeder roots. Dusty pale brown, or black and putrid, means remediation. In nearly every case the fix is the same: regular additions of organic matter, whether leaf litter, compost, mulch or worm castings, which feed the soil food web that makes nutrients available to plants.

By Christina Sergy · Updated September 2026

Soil, rather than dirt, is actually a living ecosystem that supports plant life. When soil is healthy and aerobic, it protects plants from disease, retains and gives access to nutrients, decomposes toxins, and builds soil structure. As organic matter decomposes, it feeds fungi, bacteria and nematodes. These in turn feed the next level of microorganisms, and on and on up the food chain. During this feeding frenzy, the byproducts produced are oxygen and essential nutrients that are now accessible by plants.

How to tell how healthy your soil is

Look at it. Smell it. Touch it. Are there nice dark chunks of matter that crumble in your hand? Do you see worms? How about other signs of insect activity, or tiny bright white feeder roots? Does it smell earthy? These are all signs of soil that is doing well. Conversely, if your soil is a dusty light brown and seems lifeless, or is black and smells putrid, these are definite signs that remediation is in order.

What to add

Soil scientists teach us that regular additions of organic matter, such as leaf litter, compost, mulch and worm castings, contribute to make the soil that perfect loam we all wish to attain. Organic matter attracts and feeds the crucial components of the soil food web. Plants soon have available nutrients and the soil structure they need. This allows for air and water migration and then storage, giving better access to the plant’s root system.

You may choose to have your soil tested to see its specific nutrient structure and amend accordingly. The truth is that by creating a healthy aerobic soil, you can help to ensure your plants get what they need to thrive. As it turns out, Mother Nature knew how to do it all along. Who knew?

As it turns out, Mother Nature knew how to do it all along.

Let's Create Something Extraordinary

From concept to completion, we are committed to crafting outdoor spaces that feel like an extension of your home, a place where you can relax, gather, and connect with nature.